Comparative Study of AODV and ODMRP Routing Protocols

Mobile ad-hoc Network [MANET] is the collection of mobile nodes deployed with the short-lived purpose. It is the most innovative and useful variety which provide the facility to establish communication without the prerequisite of any infrastructure. Here, wireless communication medium is usually used for communication and connection establishment purpose. Generally, it is deployed with mobile nodes but can be used for stationary design also. Open nature communication makes it vulnerable for several security threats. This paper has considered the simulation of AODV and ODMRP using Qualnet 5.2 simulator.

they are classified according to their capabilities and nature of operation.It is popularly known as proactive and reactive routing protocols.Proactive routing protocols are traditional approaches known as distance-vector and link-state algorithms.Subsequently, reactive routing protocols are latest approaches names as AODV, DSR, ODMRP, DYMO etc. Traditional routing protocols perform route discovery at time of establishment of network.It is very time effective routing protocols but suffer with the issue of extra resource consideration.It performs route discovery process for every route which may not used any time during the communication.
These limitations explore the need of optimum energy consumption based routing protocols.Here, AODV, DSR are the kind of protocols who discover the routes only when they get the demand of communication.So, request based route discovery reduce the wastage resource consumption along with optimum resource consumption.The best part of these reactive routing protocols is they are very adaptive and can manage themselves with the variation in network topology 1 .
Study of routing protocols observes that open network and wireless nature make it vulnerable for several security threats.Subsequently single path may become overwhelming when the environment does not support the communication.
On demand multi-path routing protocols help to establish communication in more effective ways.It finds multiple paths for each and every communication link instead of single route establishment.Thus this new route discovery and repairing mechanism only needed the configuration for multi-casting instead on single route discovery.This is route is a mesh based network uses group forwarding concept.It maintains the membership group to perform the multi-casting features 2 .
All such protocols concludes that all are good for communication purpose and very much suitable for MANET but suffers with the issue of susceptibility and security threats.According to study, many security threats can be observe due to this vulnerable nature of routing protocols.Here, this paper has perform the study of AODV and ODMRP routing protocol and proposed different solution to diagnose and mitigate the security threats.

Security issues
Security is one of the leading and important concerns of any network.It becomes more crucial in the scenario of wireless communication.Open nature and vulnerable situation make it prone and susceptible for several security threats.Enemy and attackers attempt to exploit the loopholes of mobile nodes to apply.Another way, vulnerabilities into existing routing protocols and ad-hoc system make it more susceptible and opportunistic for security threats 5 .A lot of loopholes have been observed in AODV and ODMRP routing protocol some of listed below; 1.
Source node can be modified by the attacker after modified the RREQ packet during communication.

2.
Due to broadcasting nature, analyzing can be done easily which may lead for packet tracing and capturing.

3.
Malicious nodes may attempt to route diversion approach to affect the performance by alteration into hop count values.It may lead for packet loss and degrading the communication performance.4.
Unwanted flooding and overwhelming packet sending may be big reason for resource draining approach.5.
In few approach, attacker may attempt to perform traffic analysis and alter the node information to compromise the network privacy.

6.
Selective forwarding or dropping is also another thread into wireless network.7. Now days, passive attacks are becoming more severe than active attack where attacker node directly attempt to exploit the capabilities of mobile node by performing undesirable activity.8.
Jellyfish is one of the hybrid kind of attack where attacker node alter the network situation.A detailed study of jellyfish attack is explained into next paper 3 .

Problem Domain
The study of AODV and ODMRP routing protocols observe that both have important significance into MANET.Study of both routing protocols observes that open nature and zero security models make them vulnerable for various security threats.It has been observe that enemy exploit such issues and attempt to compromise the privacy and confidentiality of network communication.
Subsequently, secure routing protocols are designed to avoid such situations but do not cover all situations and manage such things.Their concern is to maintain authentication, integrity and confidentiality along with non-repudiation but do not cover all kinds of security.ODMRP and AODV vulnerabilities may easily manipulate malicious node to destroy the network routing communication.

Solution Domain
The complete experimental scenarios are classified in below category.A brief description of both is cited below: Initially, a comparative study for the performance of AODV and ODMRP with AODV has been made.This experimental analysis has been done for 10,20,30,40 and 50 nodes for static and mobile conditions.It has been observed on basis of throughput, PDR, End to End delay and Jitter.A comparative study of the complete work is shown in below graphs.In static or mobile AODV based network, enhancement into nodes does not give impact on throughput.Only slight variation is observed.

2.
In static AODV based network, enhancement into nodes raise the PDR but zero variation has been observed into mobile nodes.

3.
In terms of End to End Delay nominal variation has been observed for static node but vast differences has been recorded for mobile nodes.4.
In static or mobile ODMRP based network, enhancement into nodes does not give impact on throughput.Only slight variation is observed 5.
I n s t a t i c O D M R P b a s e d n e t w o r k , enhancement into nodes raise the PDR but zero variation has been observed into mobile nodes.6.
In terms of End to End Delay nominal variation has been observed for static node but vast differences has been recorded for mobile nodes.

Fig. 5 :
Fig. 5: end to end Analysis of Mobile node

Fig. 5 :
Fig. 5: end to end Analysis of Mobile node